G-GLOBAL: Decentralized Marketplace for Advisory Services

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Intoduction
In the era of globalization, the labor market has not corresponded to the trends in the
development of the economy any more. Labor resources are not mobile, and this
determines world inequality. The cost of goods in different countries is equalized by
logistical arbitration, but such arbitration is not available for a commodity such as labor,
which leads to income differentiation and division of countries into the poor and rich
ones
The modern labor market has low efficiency. We want to propose a solution to this
problem, make international labor relations beneficial both for employers and
employees, and reduce the basic transaction costs for personnel search, bureaucratic
procedures for registration and the need for travel.
Most people cannot fully unlock their potential. Subconscious need for self-actualization
only is not enough for the physical realization of ambitions. Only a small percentage of
people are really passionate about their activities and strive to achieve maximum
results, that is, show passion. The natural desire of an individual to identify and develop
personal opportunities is limited by immature ecosystem, not designed for this purpose.
Our main goal is to provide people with an ecosystem that helps them to show
passion.
However, the G-Global team does not simply create a marketplace for expert services,
removing the consulting companies acting as intermediaries. We create a fundamentally
new platform for human interaction structured into decentralized protocols.
Every action taken by a person is motivated in some or other way, e.g. economically,
psychologically, or emotionally. Every life event, any established system, that is, the whole
world around us is determined by each individual's own preferences. Therefore, our
system runs based on the motivational principle. The structure of interaction rests on
the trust determination protocol, which to some extents represents a new generation
of the evaluation system. Taking actions according to this protocol allows you to
develop software without a central server. The absence of a single point of failure, as
well as open-source software, ensures the independence and stability of a system in
which information cannot be edited or deleted.
Users of the platform are likely to be aware for the first time ever that every action,
work, merits and achievements do not vanish in vain, nor did they are appropriated by
someone else, but they are recorded in Blockchain. Thus, a powerful incentive for
activity, maximum commitment, manifestation of passion and multiplication of the same,
and for exceeding the quality upper level has been created. The incentive will persist
and grow as the platform develops.
Macroeconomic research has long and accurately established that the fastest economic
growth occurs when a larger planning horizon is available. During this period, the
business makes investments for decades ahead, no one guided by short-term profit,
major long-term infrastructure projects being created instead. The same principle works
at the micro level, that is, a person provided with the necessary guarantees in a
favorable and stable environment tends to expand the planning period, maximize the
long-term utility function, which always implies investing in experience and reputation. In
terms of the game theory, these are the conditions that are most beneficial for both
sides, which are achieved extremely rarely in the real world due to lack of trust, but we
can solve this problem.
These ideas have been discussed by our team for the past few years. We have
developed the current beta version of the G-Global platform (an Internet marketplace
for expert services), which has confirmed many hypotheses and mechanisms. Based on
the experience gained, we have improved the interaction structuring algorithm, and
now we proceed with the development of a new protocol for the system approach to
problem solving.
We do not appropriate the created system, it being decentralized and independent,
which agrees with our ideology completely. The efforts of the team are focused on the
development of a completely functioning version, publishing the source code and
creating the Foundation for maintenance and development of the project.

Project Ideology
Discovery of new countries, development of science, invention of artificial intelligence,
could not have taken place if the human did no treat self-denying work as the highest
pleasure, did not strive for the goal so passionately, or did not sacrifice himself to
achieve the goal.
According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the man's highest need is selffulfillment,
that is, the achievement of goals through his own capabilities and personal
development. However, many examples are known, when people of great talent and
experience grieved, remaining superfluous members of society in their lifetime.
The problem is that the modern world offers opportunities for self-fulfillment not
always. For most professions, the workflow is clearly regulated and limited to the scope
of regulatory documents. This does not allow unleashing personal potential or putting
into practice the knowledge or skills acquired over the course of a lifetime. As a result,
many experts are forced to spend the potential to solve standard problems, which
results in loosing talent in the course of time, while competence motivation or pursuit
to perfection come to naught.
That is why the main goal of the G-Global platform is to enable a person to implement
professional competencies and knowledge in practice, and achieve new goals. This is the
most valuable thing in terms of professionalism and the commitment to development.
G-Global is not just a site for selecting experts, but a working platform for finding
talents, a social elevator for those involved, the mechanisms of its work will be created
with the assistance and consultations of advisors on the platform’s interaction, Nobel
Laureates in Economics Eric Maskin and Alvin Roth. The expert, solving complex
extraordinary tasks, will have the opportunity to demonstrate competence, to show
new achievements to the society, colleagues and to himself. Availability of achievements
will be a guarantee of professionalism. Machine learning, in turn, will help the expert to
select tasks with the complexity constantly increasing. Platform’s machine learning using
the techniques of the project’s adviser David Chen will help experts to select the tasks,
constantly increasing their complexity.
The platform will provide experts with unique opportunities, not only financially
motivated, but committed to a favorite business. Such people, as a rule, “infect” others
with energy, commitment to work and self-improvement. Availability of highly motivated
professionals will attract many users interested in the services provided by true experts
willing to sacrifice everything for the successful fulfillment of the task. This is the main
difference and advantage of our platform.

Сhallenge
Studies of economists of the World Bank, IMF demonstrate the transition to a new
economy, which is based on a single market of special-purpose services, while all
routine processes are automated and delegated to robots.
In the report The Evolution Of The On-Demand Economy, PeoplePerHour sociologists
speak about continuously growing demand for single-discipline experts. With the
development of small- and medium-sized businesses, there is a growing need for
remote workers and freelancers. However, a market that has intellectual capital faces
many problems:

• information asymmetry in the freelance market and lack of a unified expert
database make it difficult to find a suitable employee in terms of experience and
cost, and force one to spend more time to choose a professional (solution of the
problem with our protocol is on page 21).
• Lack of trust: both in customers and in service providers is
determined by negative precedents in this market. The customers who paid for the
service in advance, complain about the lack or poor quality of the result. Freelancers
complain about failure to pay for the work performed or about the demand to
provide additional services for free before payment of the main fee (solution of the
problem with our protocol is on page 11).
• High price Most new employees come to the companies on recommendations
based on internal corporate communications. That is, new employees are
experienced professionals establishing higher prices for their services due to a higher
reputation in the labor market. Large Internet platforms and recruiting agencies
require high pay for employee search.
• barrier to entry for beginners. If an entrant’s work results are paid for at
minimum rates this is considered to be a success for the freelancer. Frequently, a
beginner with little experience cannot independently cope with the search for
orders in order to earn reputation and portfolio.

The G-Global project solves the above problems in the intellectual capital market. The
new ecosystem, which uses the Blockchain-based protocol, will become a platform for
perfect competition in the labor market, subject to external independent guarantees of
rights and full transparency. We have formulated a number of problems of this market
and created a beta version of the project in the form of an Internet marketplace to
prove our hypotheses.
Today, we are ready to give the existing market a new development option, create a
favorable environment for more efficient market relations. The environment will provide
an opportunity for a gradual transition to the proposed format of activity, i.e. interaction
between employees and employers without intermediaries, according to the protocol
in an independent ecosystem.
Favorable external conditions are designed to unleash human passion, which can
manifest itself through interaction both through the marketplace, and through other
forms. Creation of a protocol system is primary, while implementation of the user
application is secondary.

Platform technology
The main functions and advantages of the platform will be implemented on the basis of
two technologies, IPFS and Blockchain Ethereum. The combination and sharing of these
technologies make the process of user interaction transparent and remove the chain of
intermediaries.


The platform will help experts from various industries and customers who need highquality
and prompt advice to interact easily. This will be possible under time pressure
and where it is impossible to verify authenticity of the feedback.
The matching system will enable the user to quickly find the right expert, based on the
authentic rating guaranteed by the protocol, as well as by Ethereum-based open smart
contracts. The experts will be ranked and assessed based on internal algorithms of the
system, as well as on plug-ins written by users in JavaScript. As a result, experts with
high ratings will take the top positions of the rating, which will let effective advisors
receive more orders.
The platform will function on a basis of decentralized open-source software for
Windows, MacOS, iOS and Android. Development of clients and interfaces falls within
the competence of the G-Global Foundation and any enthusiasts as the system is 
completely transparent. Neither party may modify data, assessments, or compromise
business information.
The record of all transactions, operations and actions will be publicly available on
Ethereum Blockchain. Encrypted details of the operations and information files form
will be stored on distributed nodes using the IPFS protocol.
When a new account is registered, RSA keys are created bond to the user's wallet, and
a smart contract is placed from the wallet, which records all information about activity
on the platform, transactions and interaction histories. Due to the high cost of using
Ethereum Blockchain hardware and low data throughput, all information relating to
work processes will be stored on distributed IPFS nodes, while the links (unique
hashes) will be placed in Blockchain.
IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) is a content-addressable, peer-to-peer hypermedia
communication protocol to be used for internal communication and storage of user
files.
The platform will synchronize internal user files in the system with the nodes running
on the IPFS protocol, with automatic hashing of the Blockchain.
All internal and commercial information will be stored encrypted. Special nodes of the
system provide uninterrupted access to files, with permanent backup of the system.
To convert currencies and standardize settlements, the 0x automatic decentralized
exchange protocol will be used.
Integration of the above technologies will enable the G-Global platform to ensure
uninterrupted operation of the marketplace, connect the expert and the customer
directly without intermediary, while ensuring maximum transparency and high quality of
interaction.

Trust determination protocol 
The labor market demand is to obtain reliable information about the expert. It is
important for the customer to choose a consultant based on work experience and
independent evaluation, which cannot be counterfeited.
The basic principle of the platform is the use of the Trust determination protocol
devised to solve the industry-specific problems.
The trust determination protocol is a set of logical layer interface agreements, which is
coordinated and approved by the adviser on the effective mechanisms’ creation, Nobel
laureate in economics Eric Maskin, which determines data exchange between users of
the platform. The data set will reflect the professional competence of the contractor
and ensure the quality of the services he/she provides. This system will provide each
user with an opportunity to know assessments and background of another user of the
platform. This principle underlies the platform and allows fast move to the initial stage
of cooperation of the participants.
The system is essentially characterized by the impossibility to compromise information
as well as complete trust of both parties to the transaction. The activities and history of
G-Global users are transparent and accessible through the synchronization of the
platform with the Blockchain. Each action within the platform will be recorded using a
smart contract and transferred to a decentralized data storage registry.
As stated above, the system operation will be based on the integration between the
Ethereum blockchain smart contracts and the IPFS protocol. The protocol let the
platform users exchange information and materials between each other sparing the
central server. All hashes of repositories will be automatically integrated with the smart
contract and available for viewing in the Ethereum Blockchain.


When a new account is registered on the G-Global platform in the Ethereum network,
a new smart contract with user information will be created, reflecting the history of the
activity on the platform, the rating within the system, and work experience. The
information will be freely available in the G-Global user interface. Information of the
user interface is stored in the Ethereum Blockchain, which gives the performer a great
incentive to show passion when executing contracts. The system will rank the experts
depending on the public rating and evaluating system.
A similar process occurs when a transaction between users is made: in the Ethereum
Blockchain, a separate smart contract with information on transactions is deployed. The
smart contract is automatically assigned to both parties, it records their relationship, and
proves the deed of the transaction. 


Through the use of the Blockchain technology and integration, users will be able to
select an advisor using objective and open criteria. Any third-party project or any other
system (website, social network, marketplace) can use the product of our protocol to
rank users.

Market Review 
As the world economy grows, business activity in individual states increases. At the
same time, the dynamics of business growth in developing countries is higher than in
countries with developed economies.


Economic structure makes increasing demands on the quality of human resources.
Emergence of new industries and trends generates a demand for focused specialists in
the labor markets of different countries.


To solve specific problems, companies often outsource third-party advisors. In 2016, the
consulting services market was $251 billion.


Mostly, countries with developed postindustrial economy order consulting services.
However, emerging markets are more dynamic. According to the report Source Global
Research, in the period 2010 through 2016, the growth rates of the consulting market
in the Asia-Pacific region were almost twice as high as the European ones (6% vs. 3.6%).
The geography of needs for human resources is not limited, the demand from top
countries for the services of consultants consistently high, emerging markets requiring
more and more experts in the shortest possible time. Crowdfunding consulting has
become one of the trends on the labor market, when companies distribute tasks
between freelance experts, not resorting to their own assets in solving problems.
Companies and organizations are increasingly willing to hire a freelance professional to
solve a narrow-niche task, as this reduces costs. In reply to this demand, the outsourcing
market for expert labor is growing at a rapid pace.


To satisfy the growing personnel demands of companies, there should be a platform
that brings together two active parties, that is, experts and customers. So, there is a
need to create a marketplace - an auxiliary platform for interaction between the buyer
and the seller of the service.


The said business models are implemented in Uber or Airbnb raising record amounts
of investment. In 2017, there are more than 40 marketplaces of different foci in the
world with capitalization of more than $1 billion. Such platforms do not create a new
product but only facilitate possible transactions. However, total revenue of the
marketplaces is constantly growing


Reducing the information asymmetry and introduction of technology in industries such
as private transportation services can achieve the 5-fold increase in revenue over


several years. The above can be exemplified by company UBER (one of the market
players), which has introduced successfully a similar business model.

Over the decade 2015 to 2015, Europe anticipates the increase
in transactions on marketplaces more than twentyfold 
Trends in the changes in the labor market, preferences of professional workers,
representatives of the main industries of the economy are not homogeneous. Here, the
main driver is a group of the millennial generation (generation Y), people who have
hardly reached 40 years. The “Generation Y” includes the largest part of the US
population and one-third of the entire population of the Earth.
The Millennials are the most important group that determines the development of
technology and business environment. They were born in the era of the Internet, solve
the most difficult problems, manage many companies, and feel at home with the
methods of building a business. People of “Generation Y” made their own choice
between career and educational perspectives, including the choice of a college and
studying in times of deep economic instability.
The Millennials appreciate community, family and creativity in their work. For them, one
of the main criteria of life success is self-development and achievement of new heights,
which will influence the specific features of the labor market. The main factor in
choosing a job for the “Generation Y” is the opportunity to fulfill their potential and to
influence positively on the society they live in.
According to the research carried out by the consulting company Deloitte “The
Deloitte Millennial Survey 2017”, the Millennials believe that the work they perform
must always have a positive external effect. Most of them believe that business should
contribute to the development of the society in which they operate.
Preferences of this group will have a decisive impact on formation of the world
economy model. However, an opportunity to unleash the potential of the millennial
generation is still very limited: there are few places where such experts may not only
help but try to make a difference in this world. As a result, a new market of innovative
expert services has started to form, where a significant share of orders from the
traditional consulting market will smoothly pass. According to Deloitte, the volume of
innovative consulting will grow by $ 30 billion per year.


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